反应条件对稻杆热解产物分布的影响

以稻杆为研究对象，在温度６５０℃－１０００℃，考察了热解因素包括最终温度，析出挥发性产物停留时间，传热与传质强化措施，原料颗粒尺寸和原料种类对稻杆在间壁式加热固定床上热解产物分布的影响。结果表明，温度，停留时间，传热与传质强化措施对热解产物分布影响显著，转化率随各种反应条件的变化可高达８０％。     

东乡野生稻（Oryza rufipogon）在武汉地区越冬性能的观察

对东乡野生稻的越冬性能进行了连续２年的观察，结果表明：东乡野生稻的稻蔸能在武汉地区安全越冬，翌年春季再生苗从地表以下的茎节长出．越冬再生植株与种子实生植株相比并无差异．     

三种细胞质雄性不育水稻小孢子发育过程的研究

运用ＤＮＡ荧光探针结合显微荧光术，系统地研究了３种水稻细胞质雄性不育系的败育过程、时期和特点．结果表明，珍汕９７不育系不能完成小孢子第一次有丝分裂；马协不育系小孢子可完成第一次有丝分裂，但不能进入第二次有丝分裂；广丛４１不育系部分小孢子可完成第二次有丝分裂，因此可看到许多三核花粉，但因核行为异常而败育．小孢子的败育过程可能是一种程序性细胞死亡（ＰＣＤ）的过程     

Recent insights into iron homeostasis and their application in graminaceous crops

Higher plants utilize various mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. To acquire sparingly soluble iron from the rhizosphere, graminaceous plants synthesize natural iron (III) chelators known as mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs). Recent research has uncovered various genes involved in iron uptake and translocation, as well as factors regulating the expression of these genes, especially in rice. Manipulation of these molecular components is used to produce transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency, or with a high seed iron content. Since iron homeostasis is closely linked to that of other mineral elements, an understanding of this phenomenon will serve as the basis for the production of crops with low concentrations of toxic metals and transgenic plants for phytoremediation.     

Valorization of Rice Straw via Hydrotropic Lignin Extraction and Its Characterization

Rice straw hydrotropic lignin was extracted from p-Toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH) fractionation with a different combined delignification factor (CDF). Hydrotropic lignin characterization was systematically investigated, and alkaline lignin was also studied for the contrast. Results showed that the hydrotropic rice straw lignin particle was in nanometer scopes. Compared with alkaline lignin, the hydrotropic lignin had greater molecular weight. NMR analysis showed that β-aryl ether linkage was well preserved at low severities, and the unsaturation in the side chain of hydrotropic lignin was high. H units and G units were preferentially degraded and subsequently condensed at high severity. High severity also resulted in the cleavage of part β-aryl ether linkage. ³¹P-NMR showed the decrease in aliphatic hydroxyl groups and the increasing carboxyl group content at high severity. The maximum weight loss temperature of the hydrotropic lignin was in the range of 330–350 °C, higher than the alkaline lignin, and the glass conversion temperature (T_g) of the hydrotropic lignin was in the range of 107–125 °C, lower than that of the alkaline lignin. The hydrotropic lignin has high β-aryl ether linkage content, high activity, nanoscale particle size, and low T_g, which is beneficial for its further valorization.     

综合利用稻壳制备木糖、电容炭与硅酸钙晶须

利用酸水解稻壳中的半纤维素制备木糖, 并将糖渣经过炭化后分离出碳和硅, 碳采用稀碱溶液活化改性制备电容炭, 硅采用水热法合成了硅酸钙晶须, 从而使稻壳所有组分得到充分利用. 采用循环伏安(CV)和恒流充放电(GCD)研究了电容炭的电化学性能. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得硅酸钙晶须的结构和形貌进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 稻壳酸水解的最优条件为硫酸浓度7%(质量分数)、 固液比(g/mL)为1:8、 反应时间为2.0 h, 在该条件下, 一次水解、 二次水解和三次水解的木糖收率(Y₁/Y₂/Y₃)和浓度(质量分数, C₁/C₂/C₃)都能达到最大值, Y₁=98.5%, C₁=3.6%; Y₂=85.4%, C₂=6.3%; Y₃=76.6%, C₃=9.0%. 采用15 mL 8%(质量分数) NaOH稀碱溶液活化改性制得的电容炭(AC/15)比电容值为77.32 F/g, 而且具有较好的倍率性和循环稳定性; 硅酸钙晶须为扫帚状针钠钙石晶须.     

水稻种子萌发期高压诱导的SSH-cDNA文库构建与分析

 为了研究高压处理对高等植物基因表达的影响,以萌发过程中经高压处理后的水稻种子的mRNA作为检测子（Tester）,以对照样品的mRNA作为驱动子（Driver）,采用抑制差减杂交（SSH）结合镜像选择技术（MOS）构建了高压处理后水稻种子萌发过程中诱导表达的差减cDNA文库,并通过蓝白斑筛选获得了580个重组克隆。菌液PCR检测的结果表明这些克隆中的插入片段的大小主要分布在200～1000 bp之间,平均大小约为575 bp,其中单一扩增条带的有效重组克隆数为542个,有效的重组克隆率为93.3%。对部分重组克隆进行测序发现,受高压诱导表达的基因主要涉及到代谢、胁迫响应、转录调控等方面。为高压处理后水稻种子基因表达模式变化的研究打下了基础。     

Untargeted Identification of Black Rice by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and One-Class Models

Black rice is one of the famous rare rice varieties in China. It is common to sell inferior black rice intentionally declared as famous brands due to economical motivation. There is an urgent need to develop an analytical method for untargeted identification of black rice. The present work focuses on exploring the feasibility of the untargeted identification of black rice by the combination of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and data driven-based class modeling and variable selection. A total of 142 samples of three brands were collected and used for measurements. The samples of a specific class were used as the target class. Principal component analysis was applied for the preliminary analysis. The model-independent variable selection method, i.e., joint mutual information, was used for spectral compression. Only the 10 most informative variables were picked from original variables based on which an optimal class-model for the target class was constructed and validated by means of an external test set. As a result, the model achieved 100% of sensitivity and specificity. It can be concluded that NIR spectroscopy combined with one-class modeling is a feasible tool for the untargeted identification of black rice.     

Hydrogenation of Epoxides to Anti-Markovnikov Alcohols over a Nickel Heterogenous Catalyst Prepared from Biomass (Rice) Waste

The synthesis of primary alcohols (from olefins) is an important and challenging transformation, as most of the current methods suffer from regioselectivity issues. This work describes the utilization of rice husk (RH) from agricultural waste as support for the preparation of a catalyst for the conversion of olefin oxides to primary alcohols. The catalyst was synthesized by pyrolysis of RH impregnated with nickel, and characterized by IR, AAS, XRD, BET, XPS, TEM, and TPD technics. The catalyst shows excellent activity and selectivity towards anti-Markovnikov alcohols, acting simultaneously as Brønsted acid, solid Lewis acid, and as hydrogenation catalyst. A substrate screening was done, the catalyst's recycling stability was assessed, and a plausibly reaction mechanism was proposed.     

高中化学“物质转化及反应调控”项目式学习*——我是米酒酿造师

以“我是米酒酿造师——如何在家中酿造出美味可口的米酒”为项目主题,在化学、生物学科融合的大背景下,开展“物质转化及反应调控”的教学。通过“了解米酒酿造的原理、探究米酒酿造的影响因素、设计米酒酿造的方案”等3个核心活动,落实典型有机化合物的性质、有机化合物之间的转化等核心知识;在解决实际问题的过程中体会控制变量思想在科学探究中的重要作用,体会调控化学反应的速率和限度的重要意义。